Shakespearean Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream

A Midsummer Night’s Dream, written in 1600, has been called one of William Shakespeare’s greatest love plays. It has been interpreted as a romantic story in which love ultimately conquers all odds, but its actually about the importance of power, sex, and fertility, not love. Shakespeare’s concepts of love are represented by the powerless young lovers, the meddling fairies and their magical love, and forced love as opposed to chosen love. These points undermine the argument that this play is a typical love story and fortify the case that Shakespeare intended to demonstrate the powers that triumph over love. Power vs. Love The first concept presented of love is its powerlessness, represented by the â€Å"true† lovers. Lysander and Hermia are the only characters in the play who are really in love. Yet their love is forbidden, by Hermia’s father and Duke Theseus. Hermia’s father Egeus speaks of Lysander’s love as witchcraft, saying of Lysander, â€Å"this man hath bewitched the bosom of my child† and â€Å"with feigning voice verses of feigning love ... stol’n the impression of her fantasy.† These lines maintain that true love is an illusion, a false ideal. Egeus goes on to say that Hermia belongs to him, proclaiming, â€Å"she is mine, and all my right of her / I do estate unto Demetrius.† These lines demonstrate the lack of power that Hermia and Lysander’s love holds in the presence of familial law. Furthermore, Demetrius tells Lysander to â€Å"yield / Thy crazà ©d title to my certain right,† which means that a father must give his daughter only to the worthiest suitor, regardless of love. Finally, Hermia and Lysander’s eventual wedlock is due to two things: fairy intervention and noble decree. The fairies enchant Demetrius to fall in love with Helena, freeing Theseus to allow Hermia and Lysander’s union. With his words, â€Å"Egeus, I will overbear your will, / For in the temple, by and by, with us / These couples shall eternally be knit,† the duke is proving that it is not love that is responsible for joining two people, but the will of those in power. Even for true lovers, it isnt love that conquers, but power in the form of royal decree. Weakness of Love The second idea, the weakness of love, comes in the form of fairy magic. The four young lovers and an imbecilic actor are entangled in a love game, puppet-mastered by Oberon and Puck. The fairies’ meddling causes both Lysander and Demetrius, who were fighting over Hermia, to fall for Helena. Lysander’s confusion leads him to believe he hates Hermia; he asks her, â€Å"Why seek’st thou me? Could not this make thee know / the hate I bear thee made me leave thee so?† That his love is so easily extinguished and turned to hatred shows that even a true lover’s fire can be put out by the feeblest wind. Furthermore, Titania, the powerful fairy goddess, is bewitched into falling in love with Bottom, who has been given a donkey’s head by mischievous Puck. When Titania exclaims â€Å"What visions have I seen! / Methought I was enamored of an ass,† we are meant to see that love will cloud our judgment and make even the normally level-headed person do foolish things. Ultimately, Shakespeare makes the point that love cannot be trusted to withstand any length of time and that lovers are made into fools. Finally, Shakespeare provides two examples of choosing powerful unions over amorous ones. First, there is the tale of Theseus and Hippolyta. Theseus says to Hippolyta, â€Å"I wooed thee with my sword / And won thy love doing thee injuries.† Thus, the first relationship that we see is the result of Theseus claiming Hippolyta after defeating her in battle. Rather than courting and loving her, Theseus conquered and enslaved her. He creates the union for solidarity and strength between the two kingdoms. Fairy Love Next is the example of Oberon and Titania, whose separation from each other results in the world becoming barren. Titania exclaims, â€Å"The spring, the summer / The childing autumn, angry winter, change / Their wonted liveries, and the mazà ©d world / By their increase, now knows not which is which.† These lines make it clear that these two must be joined in consideration not of love but of the fertility and health of the world. The subplots in A Midsummer Night’s Dream demonstrate Shakespeare’s dissatisfaction with the idea of love as a supreme power and his belief that power and fertility are the prime factors in deciding a union. The images of greenery and nature throughout the story, as when Puck speaks of Titania and Oberon meeting neither â€Å"in grove or green, / By fountain clear, or spangled starlight sheen† further suggest the importance that Shakespeare places on fertility. Also, the fairy presence within Athens at the end of the play, as sung by Oberon, suggests that lust is the enduring power and without it, love cannot last: â€Å"Now, until the break of day / Through this house each fairy stray / To the best bride-bed will we / Which by us shall blessed be.† Ultimately, Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream suggests that believing only in love, creating bonds based on a fleeting notion rather than on lasting principles such as fertility (offspring) and power (security), is to be â€Å"enamored of an ass.†

Ethics and Accountability in Public Service - 1697 Words

Ethics, Integrity and Accountability in Public Sector: Practice and Lessons Learned in Latvia Aleksejs Loskutovs, Director Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau Latvia 28 September 2006 (10 min.) The public sector in Latvia has undergone many important changes over the past decade. In mid 1990s Latvian government started a major public administration reform. This reform was one of the cornerstones on Latvia’s way to the European Union, which we joined in May 2004. Latvia made a great effort to develop legal framework that regulates the public sector, as well as relations between the public sector and the citizens. Today legislation in Latvia and internal regulations of different public institutions in various ways cover the principles†¦show more content†¦To ensure that this policy and relevant legislation are actually implemented it was decided to establish a single, specialised anti-corruption body – the Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau. It was created by law in 2002. The Bureau is fully operational since February 2003. It is an independent institution of public administration with investigatory powers. According to the national anti-corruption policy the Bureau has a wide set of tasks starting with prevention of corruption through control of activities of public officials and financing of political parties, and education of the public to investigation of criminal offences of corruption in the public sector. Despite it is a new institution, the Bureau was recognised in 2005 as one of the most trusted institutions in Latvia. Further to this, Latvia has adopted the law on Prevention of Conflict of Interest in Activities of Public Officials. The purpose of this law is to promote the integrity of public officials, as well as transparency and accountability of the public service. 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Project Management Success Criteria of Management

Question: Describe about the Project Management for the Success Criteria of Management. Answer: Atkinson, R (1999). Project management: cost, time and quality, two best guesses and a phenomenon, its time to accept other success criteria. International Journal of Project management, Vol 17, Issue 6, pp. 337342. In this article Atkinson (1999), presents some views in context to the success criteria for management of IS-IT projects. The author have analyzed various factors that are believed to contribute towards success or failure in management of projects. From analysis, the research have provided that over the past 50 years the Iron Triangle comprising of Cost, time and quality have been remarkably associated with measuring the success of project management. The time and costs are usually included over the same period while describing project management as these two are best guesses estimated at a certain period when the project is unknown to the management. This article represents that Quality is an occurrence, which is a new property of individuals diverse states of mind, and convictions, which regularly change over the advancement life cycle of a project. In this paper, the contentions have likewise been done considering different achievement criteria is advanced, isolating these into a few things which are done wrong and different things which have been missed or not worked out quite as well as they could have done. Clients and clients are case of partners of data frameworks projects and the criteria they consider as vital for achievement ought to be incorporated into evaluating a project. Furthermore, this paper proposes another structure to consider achievement criteria. The center of this paper is achievement criteria for administration of projects. Atkinson (1999) proposes to move the center of estimation for project administration from the selective procedure driven criteria, The Iron Triangle to The Square Route. It is further proposed that movement could be altogether helped if a definition for task administration was created which did exclude restricted achievement criteria. It can be concluded from this paper measuring the procedure criteria for project administration is measuring productivity. Measuring the achievement of the resultant framework or association benefits, the criteria changes to that of surveying, getting something right, meeting objectives, measuring viability.